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The dangers to journalists in Russia have been well known since the early 1990s but concern at the number of unsolved killings soared after Anna Politkovskaya's murder in Moscow on 7 October 2006. While international monitors spoke of several dozen deaths, some sources within Russia talked of over two hundred fatalities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Czar Putin'', CNN. )〕 The evidence has since been examined and documented in two reports, published in Russian and English, by international organizations. These revealed a basic confusion in terminology that explained the seemingly enormous numerical discrepancy: statistics of premature death among journalists (from work accidents, crossfire incidents, and purely criminal or domestic cases of manslaughter) were repeatedly equated with the much smaller number of targeted (contract) killings or work-related murders. == How the figures have been compiled == Among international monitors the figures quoted for deaths of journalists in Russia have varied, sometimes considerably. There are several explanations. One, certain organisations are concerned with all aspects of safety in news gathering, and so the International Federation of Journalists and the International News Safety Institute also record accidents that have occurred at work.〔(KILLING THE MESSENGER: The report on the global inquiry into the protection of journalists ), INSI: Brussels, 2007.〕 Two, some monitoring bodies include only fatalities in crossfire and dangerous assignments, and those murders where they feel sure of the motive behind the lethal attack and can with confidence lobby the appropriate government — the CPJ adopts this approach. Three, the term "journalist" is used by monitors as a general term to cover many different occupations within the media. Some include support staff, others do not. In any list of deaths, compiled by monitors inside or outside the country, Russia ranks high. When the killing began the brief first Chechen war took numerous lives of journalists from within Chechnya and from further afield. There were also mounting peacetime deaths of journalists elsewhere in the Russian Federation. Those deliberately targeted for their work have tended to be reporters, correspondents and editors. In Russia many directors of new regional TV and radio stations have been murdered〔"Contract killings", p. 21, (PARTIAL JUSTICE ), IFJ: Brussels, June 2009.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=JOURNALISTS IN RUSSIA, An online database, "Homicide of media directors" )〕 but some of these deaths are thought to relate to conflicting business interests. Photographers and cameramen are vulnerable in crossfire situations, such as the October 1993 days in Moscow and the armed conflict in the North Caucasus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of journalists killed in Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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